• Frontal sinus disease management consolidated around nasofrontal duct control, balancing drainage restoration with durable closure strategies. The era emphasizes osteoplastic flap-fat obliteration, nasofrontal duct occlusion models, and prosthetic augmentation to preserve drainage, reflecting a synthesis of technical innovation and clinical outcomes [9][10][3][13][5].

• Endoscopic and intranasal approaches gained prominence, driven by anatomical and technical analyses of the ethmoid complex, with emphasis on preserving middle turbinate, applying intranasal ethmoidectomy concepts, and validating endoscopic maxillary procedures in chronic sinusitis management [2][6][16][7][20].

• Imaging and radiology served as a decision-support backbone, correlating radiographic findings with clinical and intraoperative observations to refine diagnosis and plan interventions, including studies on mucoceles, maxillary sinusitis radiology correlations, and roentgenographic assessment [1][8][11].

• Etiological modeling of frontal sinus disease anchored on duct obstruction and inflammatory mucosal processes, prompting development of disease models and historical analyses to inform surgical choices and expectations for outcomes [10][13][1].

• Standardization of surgical approaches emerged through critiques and syntheses of chronic paranasal sinusitis treatment, consolidating accepted operations and highlighting historical perspectives that shaped modern skull base and sinus surgery practices [7][9][13][5].